01890nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015400041210007100195260000900266300001100275490000600286520131800292100002901610700002201639700002501661856004601686       2010                        eng d00aMolecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle–the "hydrozoan" Microhydrula limopsicola is an early life stage of the staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus.0 aMolecules clarify a cnidarian life cycle–the hydrozoan Microhydr  c2010  ae101820 v53 aBACKGROUND: Life cycles of medusozoan cnidarians vary widely, and have been difficult to document, especially in the most recently proposed class Staurozoa. However, molecular data can be a useful tool to elucidate medusozoan life cycles by tying together different life history stages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genetic data from fast-evolving molecular markers (mitochondrial 16S, nuclear ITS1, and nuclear ITS2) show that animals that were presumed to be a hydrozoan, Microhydrula limopsicola (Limnomedusae, Microhydrulidae), are actually an early stage of the life cycle of the staurozoan Haliclystus antarcticus (Stauromedusae, Lucernariidae). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Similarity between the haplotypes of three markers of Microhydrula limopsicola and Haliclystus antarcticus settles the identity of these taxa, expanding our understanding of the staurozoan life cycle, which was thought to be more straightforward and simple. A synthetic discussion of prior observations makes sense of the morphological, histological and behavioral similarities/congruence between Microhydrula and Haliclystus. The consequences are likely to be replicated in other medusozoan groups. For instance we hypothesize that other species of Microhydrulidae are likely to represent life stages of other species of Staurozoa.1 aMiranda, Luc{\'ılia, S.1 aCollins, Allen, G1 aMarques, Antonio, C.  uhttps://staurozoa.myspecies.info/node/45200662nas a2200169   4500008004100000022005800041245015900099210006900258260001200327300001000339490000900349100002000358700002500378700002100403700002200424856004600446       2010                        eng d  a1175-5326 (print edition); 1175-5334 (online edition)00aHaliclystus californiensis, a “new” species of stauromedusa (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) from the northeast Pacific, with a key to the species of Haliclystus0 aHaliclystus californiensis a new species of stauromedusa Cnidari  c06/2010  a49-590 v25181 aKahn, Amanda, S1 aMatsumoto, George, I1 aHirano, Yayoi, M1 aCollins, Allen, G  uhttps://staurozoa.myspecies.info/node/453