H.  James-Clark, ?Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae?, Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 7, pp. 531-567, 1863.

T.  Uchida, ?Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis?, Japanese Journal of Zoology, vol. 2, pp. 103-193, plus Plates, III, IV, V, 1929.

P. L.  Kramp, ?Synopsis of the Medusae of the World?, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 40, pp. 1 -469, 1961.