H.  James-Clark, ?Prodromus of the history, structure, and physiology of the order Lucernariae?, Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 7, pp. 531-567, 1863.

O.  Carlgren, ?Über eine neue Südafrikanische Lucernariide, Depastromorpha africana n. gen. n. sp., nebst Bemerkungen über den Bau und die Systematik dieser Tiergruppe?, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Tredje Serien, vol. 15, pp. 1-24, with 12 text figures, 1935.

P. L.  Kramp, ?Synopsis of the Medusae of the World?, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 40, pp. 1 -469, 1961.